The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.